Truliant Federal Credit Union
Mortgage Loan Application
Totals and Details
for 2012
Find mortgage loan statistics, lending data, and loan application totals for North Carolina.
The mortgage statistics and data below are specific to mortgage loan applications for Truliant Federal Credit Union.
Search for mortgage lenders by state, county, or metropolitan area
and explore the loan application details and stats broken down by several loan categories from 2003-2022.
| Mortgage Company & Address | Truliant Federal Credit Union 3200 Truliant Way Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Tel #: available with data download |
| Federal Regulator | * available with data download |
| Years | 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 |
| Total Number of Mortgage Applications | 4,057 |
| Total Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $437,553,000 |
| Average Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $95,666 |
| Highest Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $2,100,000 |
| Average Applicant Income | $70,666 |
| Highest Applicant Income | $1,670,000 |
Overall mortgage application loan totals and averages for this lender are provided for each year by county, metro area, and the entire US.
The loan data is broken down by loan purpose, loan type, applicant race, application outcome, and denial reason. With this information, you can get a detailed view of locations
where the mortgage lender is actively processing applications as well as the types and outcomes of loans from these applications.
As you search for mortgage loan stats and lending data in NC, the totals and averages will help you understand where the lender does business as well as the volume of business they do.
| County | Total Number of Mortgage Loan Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loans Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Application Amount | Average Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guilford County North Carolina | 588 | $ 69,688,000 | $ 118,000 | $ 72,000 |
| Forsyth County North Carolina | 496 | $ 53,348,000 | $ 107,000 | $ 68,000 |
| Alamance County North Carolina | 354 | $ 40,810,000 | $ 115,000 | $ 65,000 |
| Randolph County North Carolina | 300 | $ 27,108,000 | $ 90,000 | $ 58,000 |
| Mecklenburg County North Carolina | 261 | $ 34,194,000 | $ 131,000 | $ 82,000 |
| Wythe County Virginia | 182 | $ 14,974,000 | $ 82,000 | $ 55,000 |
| Gaston County North Carolina | 160 | $ 14,335,000 | $ 89,000 | $ 63,000 |
| Davidson County North Carolina | 130 | $ 13,590,000 | $ 104,000 | $ 61,000 |
| Cleveland County North Carolina | 92 | $ 7,219,000 | $ 78,000 | $ 55,000 |
| Henrico County Virginia | 55 | $ 5,963,000 | $ 108,000 | $ 69,000 |
| Pulaski County Virginia | 54 | $ 3,709,000 | $ 68,000 | $ 57,000 |
| Greenville County South Carolina | 51 | $ 5,687,000 | $ 111,000 | $ 65,000 |
| Davie County North Carolina | 49 | $ 6,579,000 | $ 134,000 | $ 81,000 |
| Stark County Ohio | 48 | $ 5,231,000 | $ 108,000 | $ 92,000 |
| Stokes County North Carolina | 47 | $ 4,075,000 | $ 86,000 | $ 66,000 |
| Union County North Carolina | 40 | $ 6,064,000 | $ 151,000 | $ 89,000 |
| Rockingham County North Carolina | 39 | $ 4,489,000 | $ 115,000 | $ 61,000 |
| Cabarrus County North Carolina | 35 | $ 4,442,000 | $ 126,000 | $ 87,000 |
| Carroll County Virginia | 35 | $ 2,793,000 | $ 79,000 | $ 57,000 |
| Horry County South Carolina | 34 | $ 3,960,000 | $ 116,000 | $ 107,000 |
| Orange County North Carolina | 32 | $ 3,486,000 | $ 108,000 | $ 62,000 |
| York County South Carolina | 31 | $ 4,538,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 83,000 |
| Lincoln County North Carolina | 25 | $ 2,984,000 | $ 119,000 | $ 75,000 |
| Wake County North Carolina | 24 | $ 4,013,000 | $ 167,000 | $ 83,000 |
| Surry County North Carolina | 23 | $ 2,195,000 | $ 95,000 | $ 60,000 |
| Hanover County Virginia | 20 | $ 2,420,000 | $ 121,000 | $ 72,000 |
| Chesterfield County Virginia | 19 | $ 2,428,000 | $ 127,000 | $ 84,000 |
| Henry County Virginia | 19 | $ 1,508,000 | $ 79,000 | $ 54,000 |
| Catawba County North Carolina | 18 | $ 2,987,000 | $ 165,000 | $ 87,000 |
| Iredell County North Carolina | 18 | $ 1,955,000 | $ 108,000 | $ 83,000 |
| Rutherford County North Carolina | 17 | $ 1,337,000 | $ 78,000 | $ 70,000 |
| Ashe County North Carolina | 16 | $ 729,000 | $ 45,000 | $ 151,000 |
| Moore County North Carolina | 15 | $ 1,437,000 | $ 95,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Montgomery County Virginia | 15 | $ 960,000 | $ 64,000 | $ 60,000 |
| Caswell County North Carolina | 14 | $ 1,333,000 | $ 95,000 | $ 64,000 |
| Chatham County North Carolina | 14 | $ 1,560,000 | $ 111,000 | $ 65,000 |
| Yadkin County North Carolina | 14 | $ 1,195,000 | $ 85,000 | $ 68,000 |
| Cherokee County South Carolina | 14 | $ 921,000 | $ 65,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Floyd County Virginia | 14 | $ 1,207,000 | $ 86,000 | $ 67,000 |
| Grayson County Virginia | 14 | $ 1,163,000 | $ 83,000 | $ 60,000 |
| Smyth County Virginia | 13 | $ 1,025,000 | $ 78,000 | $ 51,000 |
| Swain County North Carolina | 12 | $ 503,000 | $ 41,000 | $ 130,000 |
| Watauga County North Carolina | 12 | $ 1,666,000 | $ 138,000 | $ 216,000 |
| Radford County Virginia | 12 | $ 1,202,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Richmond City County Virginia | 11 | $ 948,000 | $ 86,000 | $ 72,000 |
| Brunswick County North Carolina | 10 | $ 976,000 | $ 97,000 | $ 86,000 |
| Sevier County Tennessee | 10 | $ 282,000 | $ 28,000 | $ 142,000 |
| Bland County Virginia | 10 | $ 1,029,000 | $ 102,000 | $ 59,000 |
| Giles County Virginia | 10 | $ 921,000 | $ 92,000 | $ 218,000 |
| Jackson County North Carolina | 9 | $ 551,000 | $ 61,000 | $ 106,000 |
| Durham County North Carolina | 8 | $ 951,000 | $ 118,000 | $ 85,000 |
| Rowan County North Carolina | 8 | $ 1,061,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 81,000 |
| Wilkes County North Carolina | 8 | $ 1,068,000 | $ 133,000 | $ 72,000 |
| Buncombe County North Carolina | 7 | $ 1,011,000 | $ 144,000 | $ 88,000 |
| Caldwell County North Carolina | 6 | $ 512,000 | $ 85,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Cumberland County North Carolina | 6 | $ 563,000 | $ 93,000 | $ 66,000 |
| Henderson County North Carolina | 6 | $ 1,031,000 | $ 171,000 | $ 86,000 |
| New Hanover County North Carolina | 6 | $ 850,000 | $ 141,000 | $ 148,000 |
| Pickens County South Carolina | 6 | $ 604,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 69,000 |
| Martinsville County Virginia | 6 | $ 290,000 | $ 48,000 | $ 39,000 |
| Alleghany County North Carolina | 5 | $ 313,000 | $ 62,000 | $ 84,000 |
| Avery County North Carolina | 5 | $ 254,000 | $ 50,000 | $ 107,000 |
| Burke County North Carolina | 5 | $ 561,000 | $ 112,000 | $ 71,000 |
| Carteret County North Carolina | 5 | $ 733,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 133,000 |
| Stanly County North Carolina | 5 | $ 508,000 | $ 101,000 | $ 80,000 |
| Anderson County South Carolina | 5 | $ 595,000 | $ 119,000 | $ 63,000 |
| Lancaster County South Carolina | 5 | $ 923,000 | $ 184,000 | $ 59,000 |
| Franklin County Virginia | 5 | $ 376,000 | $ 75,000 | $ 60,000 |
| Broward County Florida | 4 | $ 977,000 | $ 244,000 | $ 91,000 |
| Alexander County North Carolina | 4 | $ 539,000 | $ 134,000 | $ 86,000 |
| Johnston County North Carolina | 4 | $ 722,000 | $ 180,000 | $ 122,000 |
| Madison County North Carolina | 4 | $ 162,000 | $ 40,000 | $ 144,000 |
| Montgomery County North Carolina | 4 | $ 320,000 | $ 80,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Tuscarawas County Ohio | 4 | $ 455,000 | $ 113,000 | $ 64,000 |
| Spartanburg County South Carolina | 4 | $ 531,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 37,000 |
| Goochland County Virginia | 4 | $ 364,000 | $ 91,000 | $ 84,000 |
| Patrick County Virginia | 4 | $ 465,000 | $ 116,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Duval County Florida | 3 | $ 198,000 | $ 66,000 | $ 78,000 |
| Dare County North Carolina | 3 | $ 349,000 | $ 116,000 | $ 69,000 |
| Scotland County North Carolina | 3 | $ 250,000 | $ 83,000 | $ 44,000 |
| Vance County North Carolina | 3 | $ 261,000 | $ 87,000 | $ 150,000 |
| Laurens County South Carolina | 3 | $ 218,000 | $ 72,000 | $ 38,000 |
| New Kent County Virginia | 3 | $ 231,000 | $ 77,000 | $ 84,000 |
| St. Johns County Florida | 2 | $ 316,000 | $ 158,000 | $ 71,000 |
| Volusia County Florida | 2 | $ 210,000 | $ 105,000 | $ 71,000 |
| Cobb County Georgia | 2 | $ 248,000 | $ 124,000 | $ 122,000 |
| Gwinnett County Georgia | 2 | $ 318,000 | $ 159,000 | $ 83,000 |
| Henry County Georgia | 2 | $ 178,000 | $ 89,000 | $ 53,000 |
| Rockdale County Georgia | 2 | $ 500,000 | $ 250,000 | $ 31,000 |
| Whitfield County Georgia | 2 | $ 182,000 | $ 91,000 | $ 28,000 |
| Anson County North Carolina | 2 | $ 101,000 | $ 50,000 | $ 41,000 |
| Craven County North Carolina | 2 | $ 279,000 | $ 139,000 | $ 74,000 |
| Granville County North Carolina | 2 | $ 128,000 | $ 64,000 | $ 44,000 |
| McDowell County North Carolina | 2 | $ 525,000 | $ 262,000 | $ 169,000 |
| Harrison County Ohio | 2 | $ 180,000 | $ 90,000 | $ 82,000 |
| Summit County Ohio | 2 | $ 279,000 | $ 139,000 | $ 103,000 |
| Charleston County South Carolina | 2 | $ 248,000 | $ 124,000 | $ 139,000 |
| Richland County South Carolina | 2 | $ 333,000 | $ 166,000 | $ 108,000 |
| Davidson County Tennessee | 2 | $ 517,000 | $ 258,000 | $ 85,000 |
| Dinwiddie County Virginia | 2 | $ 206,000 | $ 103,000 | $ 30,000 |
| Galax County Virginia | 2 | $ 154,000 | $ 77,000 | $ 76,000 |
| King William County Virginia | 2 | $ 127,000 | $ 63,000 | $ 58,000 |
| Louisa County Virginia | 2 | $ 434,000 | $ 217,000 | $ 132,000 |
| Pittsylvania County Virginia | 2 | $ 261,000 | $ 130,000 | $ 65,000 |
| Fresno County California | 1 | $ 21,000 | $ 21,000 | $ 88,000 |
| Los Angeles County California | 1 | $ 135,000 | $ 135,000 | $ 90,000 |
| Alachua County Florida | 1 | $ 180,000 | $ 180,000 | $ 52,000 |
| Clay County Florida | 1 | $ 140,000 | $ 140,000 | $ 50,000 |
| Lee County Florida | 1 | $ 112,000 | $ 112,000 | $ 147,000 |
| Marion County Florida | 1 | $ 380,000 | $ 380,000 | $ 277,000 |
| Martin County Florida | 1 | $ 160,000 | $ 160,000 | $ 52,000 |
| Palm Beach County Florida | 1 | $ 60,000 | $ 60,000 | $ 120,000 |
| Pasco County Florida | 1 | $ 190,000 | $ 190,000 | $ 60,000 |
| Putnam County Florida | 1 | $ 160,000 | $ 160,000 | $ 87,000 |
| St. Lucie County Florida | 1 | $ 132,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 105,000 |
| Sumter County Florida | 1 | $ 100,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 43,000 |
| Cherokee County Georgia | 1 | $ 67,000 | $ 67,000 | $ 37,000 |
| Douglas County Georgia | 1 | $ 34,000 | $ 34,000 | $ 105,000 |
| Fulton County Georgia | 1 | $ 130,000 | $ 130,000 | $ 47,000 |
| Jackson County Georgia | 1 | $ 145,000 | $ 145,000 | $ 52,000 |
| Walton County Georgia | 1 | $ 245,000 | $ 245,000 | $ 229,000 |
| Greene County North Carolina | 1 | $ 69,000 | $ 69,000 | $ 62,000 |
| Harnett County North Carolina | 1 | $ 35,000 | $ 35,000 | $ 130,000 |
| Hertford County North Carolina | 1 | $ 29,000 | $ 29,000 | $ 44,000 |
| Lee County North Carolina | 1 | $ 95,000 | $ 95,000 | $ 43,000 |
| Mitchell County North Carolina | 1 | $ 61,000 | $ 61,000 | $ 86,000 |
| Onslow County North Carolina | 1 | $ 238,000 | $ 238,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Pender County North Carolina | 1 | $ 30,000 | $ 30,000 | $ 72,000 |
| Person County North Carolina | 1 | $ 32,000 | $ 32,000 | $ 56,000 |
| Pitt County North Carolina | 1 | $ 45,000 | $ 45,000 | $ 27,000 |
| Robeson County North Carolina | 1 | $ 16,000 | $ 16,000 | $ 53,000 |
| Warren County North Carolina | 1 | $ 55,000 | $ 55,000 | $ 55,000 |
| Wilson County North Carolina | 1 | $ 137,000 | $ 137,000 | $ 32,000 |
| Cuyahoga County Ohio | 1 | $ 136,000 | $ 136,000 | $ 119,000 |
| Scioto County Ohio | 1 | $ 140,000 | $ 140,000 | $ 69,000 |
| Wayne County Ohio | 1 | $ 132,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 89,000 |
| Berkeley County South Carolina | 1 | $ 152,000 | $ 152,000 | $ 54,000 |
| Chester County South Carolina | 1 | $ 135,000 | $ 135,000 | $ 157,000 |
| Chesterfield County South Carolina | 1 | $ 43,000 | $ 43,000 | $ 29,000 |
| Georgetown County South Carolina | 1 | $ 200,000 | $ 200,000 | $ 100,000 |
| Lee County South Carolina | 1 | $ 26,000 | $ 26,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Marion County South Carolina | 1 | $ 80,000 | $ 80,000 | $ 73,000 |
| Oconee County South Carolina | 1 | $ 332,000 | $ 332,000 | $ 82,000 |
| Union County South Carolina | 1 | $ 124,000 | $ 124,000 | $ 58,000 |
| Blount County Tennessee | 1 | $ 20,000 | $ 20,000 | $ 149,000 |
| Chester County Tennessee | 1 | $ 137,000 | $ 137,000 | $ 44,000 |
| Franklin County Tennessee | 1 | $ 161,000 | $ 161,000 | $ 55,000 |
| Grainger County Tennessee | 1 | $ 35,000 | $ 35,000 | $ 21,000 |
| Loudon County Tennessee | 1 | $ 69,000 | $ 69,000 | $ 20,000 |
| Robertson County Tennessee | 1 | $ 171,000 | $ 171,000 | $ 52,000 |
| Shelby County Tennessee | 1 | $ 112,000 | $ 112,000 | $ 54,000 |
| Sumner County Tennessee | 1 | $ 50,000 | $ 50,000 | $ 40,000 |
| Alexandria County Virginia | 1 | $ 59,000 | $ 59,000 | $ 42,000 |
| Amelia County Virginia | 1 | $ 90,000 | $ 90,000 | $ 82,000 |
| Bedford County Virginia | 1 | $ 104,000 | $ 104,000 | $ 45,000 |
| Brunswick County Virginia | 1 | $ 25,000 | $ 25,000 | $ 57,000 |
| Buchanan County Virginia | 1 | $ 132,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 38,000 |
| Caroline County Virginia | 1 | $ 256,000 | $ 256,000 | $ 89,000 |
| Charles City County Virginia | 1 | $ 105,000 | $ 105,000 | $ 35,000 |
| Craig County Virginia | 1 | $ 75,000 | $ 75,000 | $ 31,000 |
| Culpeper County Virginia | 1 | $ 146,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 259,000 |
| Cumberland County Virginia | 1 | $ 71,000 | $ 71,000 | $ 122,000 |
| Essex County Virginia | 1 | $ 145,000 | $ 145,000 | $ 27,000 |
| Fairfax County Virginia | 1 | $ 299,000 | $ 299,000 | $ 116,000 |
| Mathews County Virginia | 1 | $ 93,000 | $ 93,000 | $ 39,000 |
| Powhatan County Virginia | 1 | $ 285,000 | $ 285,000 | $ 90,000 |
| Prince George County Virginia | 1 | $ 92,000 | $ 92,000 | $ 81,000 |
| Roanoke County Virginia | 1 | $ 163,000 | $ 163,000 | $ 142,000 |
| Roanoke City County Virginia | 1 | $ 200,000 | $ 200,000 | $ 106,000 |
| Stafford County Virginia | 1 | $ 121,000 | $ 121,000 | $ 67,000 |
| Staunton County Virginia | 1 | $ 90,000 | $ 90,000 | $ 90,000 |
| Suffolk County Virginia | 1 | $ 105,000 | $ 105,000 | $ 105,000 |
| Tazewell County Virginia | 1 | $ 49,000 | $ 49,000 | $ 21,000 |
| Waynesboro County Virginia | 1 | $ 217,000 | $ 217,000 | $ 110,000 |
The mortgage data stats below are displayed in sortable categories such as loan purpose, race of mortgage applicant, loan type, the outcome of the application, and reason for denial.
Each category breaks down the total number of mortgage applications, the total dollar amount for those applications, the average mortgage amount, the highest mortgage loan applied for within that category,
the average income of the mortgage applicants, and the highest income of the mortgage applicants.
You can also download the entire list of mortgage lenders along with their aggregated lending data for the state of North Carolina,
and search the same numbers and information back through 2003.
Mortgage Loan Application Detail Totals for Truliant Federal Credit Union in 2012
Loan Purpose |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refinancing | 2,716 | $291,336,000 | $107,000 | $417,000 | $69,000 | $500,000 |
| Home Purchase | 1,118 | $132,352,000 | $118,000 | $2,100,000 | $78,000 | $1,670,000 |
| Home Improvement | 223 | $13,865,000 | $62,000 | $360,000 | $65,000 | $331,000 |
Applicant Race |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 2,934 | $320,219,000 | $109,000 | $1,570,000 | $72,000 | $1,670,000 |
| Black or African American | 440 | $44,293,000 | $100,000 | $408,000 | $61,000 | $246,000 |
| Not Provided | 413 | $44,874,000 | $108,000 | $417,000 | $84,000 | $1,122,000 |
| Hispanic | 198 | $17,398,000 | $87,000 | $350,000 | $50,000 | $234,000 |
| Asian | 52 | $6,525,000 | $125,000 | $380,000 | $72,000 | $270,000 |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 10 | $1,091,000 | $109,000 | $208,000 | $58,000 | $110,000 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 5 | $610,000 | $122,000 | $230,000 | $59,000 | $100,000 |
| Not applicable | 5 | $2,543,000 | $508,000 | $2,100,000 | $0 | $0 |
Loan Type |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional (any loan other than FHA, VA, FSA, or RHS loans) | 4,057 | $437,553,000 | $107,000 | $2,100,000 | $71,000 | $1,670,000 |
| FHA-insured (Federal Housing Administration) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| FSA/RHS (Farm Service Agency or Rural Housing Service) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| VA-guaranteed (Veterans Administration) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Outcome |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loan Originated | 1,320 | $128,163,000 | $97,000 | $2,100,000 | $72,000 | $582,000 |
| Application Denied By Financial Institution | 1,157 | $125,925,000 | $108,000 | $417,000 | $62,000 | $1,670,000 |
| Application Withdrawn By Applicant | 1,006 | $106,653,000 | $106,000 | $1,570,000 | $74,000 | $506,000 |
| File Closed For Incompleteness | 362 | $48,341,000 | $133,000 | $417,000 | $87,000 | $960,000 |
| Application Approved But Not Accepted | 105 | $14,600,000 | $139,000 | $400,000 | $79,000 | $565,000 |
| Preapproval Approved but not Accepted | 76 | $10,908,000 | $143,000 | $400,000 | $82,000 | $324,000 |
| Preapproval Denied by Financial Institution | 31 | $2,963,000 | $95,000 | $201,000 | $49,000 | $167,000 |
| Loan Purchased By The Institution | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Denial Reason |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | 1,188 | $128,888,000 | $108,000 | $417,000 | $62,000 | $1,670,000 |
| Unverifiable Information | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Collateral | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Credit Application Incomplete | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Credit History | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Debt-To-Income Ratio | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Employment History | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Insufficient Cash (Downpayment, Closing Cost) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Mortgage Insurance Denied | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
These totals and details for mortgage applications will give you a better idea of what to expect when researching mortgage lenders. Whether you are looking for a home loan, for home refinancing, or for home improvement loan statistics, we have the information you need. This mortgage loan data gives you everything you need to know as you start your search for the best lenders in NC, and gives you an idea of what the best mortgage lenders really are.
If you prefer, you can download a copy of the entire list of mortgage lenders in North Carolina, and search similar information at your convenience.