Find mortgage loan statistics, lending data, and loan application totals for North Carolina.
The mortgage statistics and data below are specific to mortgage loan applications for Rbc Bank (Georgia), N.A..
Search for mortgage lenders by state, county, or metropolitan area
and explore the loan application details and stats broken down by several loan categories from 2003-2022.
Mortgage Company & Address | Rbc Bank (Georgia), N.A. 8081 Arco Corporate Drive Raleigh, NC 27617 Tel #: available with data download |
Federal Regulator | * available with data download |
Years | 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | 1,147 |
Total Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $343,625,000 |
Average Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $294,500 |
Highest Mortgage Loan Application Amount | $2,600,000 |
Average Applicant Income | $225,000 |
Highest Applicant Income | $9,999,000 |
Overall mortgage application loan totals and averages for this lender are provided for each year by county, metro area, and the entire US.
The loan data is broken down by loan purpose, loan type, applicant race, application outcome, and denial reason. With this information, you can get a detailed view of locations
where the mortgage lender is actively processing applications as well as the types and outcomes of loans from these applications.
As you search for mortgage loan stats and lending data in NC, the totals and averages will help you understand where the lender does business as well as the volume of business they do.
Metro Area | Total Number of Mortgage Loan Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Application Amount | Average Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|
PHOENIX-MESA-SCOTTSDALE, AZ | 118 | $ 29,735,000 | $ 251,000 | $ 240,000 |
ATLANTA-SANDY SPRINGS-ROSWELL, GA | 97 | $ 14,047,000 | $ 144,000 | $ 64,000 |
CAPE CORAL-FORT MYERS, FL | 64 | $ 14,525,000 | $ 226,000 | $ 185,000 |
ORLANDO-KISSIMMEE-SANFORD, FL | 51 | $ 10,613,000 | $ 208,000 | $ 152,000 |
RIVERSIDE-SAN BERNARDINO-ONTARIO, CA | 51 | $ 19,837,000 | $ 388,000 | $ 235,000 |
TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER, FL | 45 | $ 9,081,000 | $ 201,000 | $ 212,000 |
NORTH PORT-SARASOTA-BRADENTON, FL | 44 | $ 9,931,000 | $ 225,000 | $ 174,000 |
WEST PALM BEACH-BOCA RATON-DELRAY BEACH, FL | 38 | $ 12,972,000 | $ 341,000 | $ 219,000 |
NAPLES-IMMOKALEE-MARCO ISLAND, FL | 37 | $ 10,417,000 | $ 281,000 | $ 280,000 |
FORT LAUDERDALE-POMPANO BEACH-DEERFIELD BEACH, FL | 33 | $ 7,621,000 | $ 230,000 | $ 202,000 |
HOUSTON-THE WOODLANDS-SUGAR LAND, TX | 31 | $ 10,473,000 | $ 337,000 | $ 172,000 |
DALLAS-PLANO-IRVING, TX | 20 | $ 6,605,000 | $ 330,000 | $ 196,000 |
LOS ANGELES-LONG BEACH-GLENDALE, CA | 19 | $ 13,465,000 | $ 708,000 | $ 698,000 |
LAKELAND-WINTER HAVEN, FL | 18 | $ 3,919,000 | $ 217,000 | $ 124,000 |
MIAMI-MIAMI BEACH-KENDALL, FL | 18 | $ 10,128,000 | $ 562,000 | $ 870,000 |
ANAHEIM-SANTA ANA-IRVINE, CA | 17 | $ 9,776,000 | $ 575,000 | $ 414,000 |
SEATTLE-BELLEVUE-EVERETT, WA | 16 | $ 8,444,000 | $ 527,000 | $ 255,000 |
LAS VEGAS-HENDERSON-PARADISE, NV | 14 | $ 3,789,000 | $ 270,000 | $ 125,000 |
SAN DIEGO-CARLSBAD, CA | 14 | $ 8,855,000 | $ 632,000 | $ 242,000 |
RALEIGH, NC | 12 | $ 4,170,000 | $ 347,000 | $ 174,000 |
BELLINGHAM, WA | 11 | $ 3,931,000 | $ 357,000 | $ 671,000 |
DENVER-AURORA-LAKEWOOD, CO | 11 | $ 8,727,000 | $ 793,000 | $ 899,000 |
AUSTIN-ROUND ROCK, TX | 10 | $ 2,870,000 | $ 287,000 | $ 130,000 |
CHARLOTTE-CONCORD-GASTONIA, NC-SC | 10 | $ 2,404,000 | $ 215,500 | $ 146,000 |
FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TX | 10 | $ 2,441,000 | $ 244,000 | $ 167,000 |
NEW YORK-JERSEY CITY-WHITE PLAINS, NY-NJ | 10 | $ 6,937,000 | $ 693,500 | $ 1,172,000 |
WARREN-TROY-FARMINGTON HILLS, MI | 10 | $ 2,286,000 | $ 228,000 | $ 98,000 |
NASHVILLE-DAVIDSON--MURFREESBORO--FRANKLIN, TN | 9 | $ 2,793,000 | $ 310,000 | $ 158,000 |
OAKLAND-HAYWARD-BERKELEY, CA | 9 | $ 4,513,000 | $ 501,000 | $ 171,000 |
CHICAGO-NAPERVILLE-ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, IL | 8 | $ 2,211,000 | $ 276,000 | $ 107,000 |
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL-BLOOMINGTON, MN-WI | 8 | $ 1,995,000 | $ 249,000 | $ 121,000 |
MYRTLE BEACH-CONWAY-NORTH MYRTLE BEACH, SC-NC | 8 | $ 1,173,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 145,000 |
JACKSONVILLE, FL | 7 | $ 1,201,000 | $ 171,000 | $ 72,000 |
KAHULUI-WAILUKU-LAHAINA, HI | 7 | $ 2,885,000 | $ 412,000 | $ 842,000 |
DELTONA-DAYTONA BEACH-ORMOND BEACH, FL | 6 | $ 1,206,000 | $ 201,000 | $ 142,000 |
PORTLAND-VANCOUVER-HILLSBORO, OR-WA | 6 | $ 2,044,000 | $ 316,000 | $ 329,500 |
SAN FRANCISCO-REDWOOD CITY-SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CA | 6 | $ 3,753,000 | $ 625,000 | $ 231,000 |
BUFFALO-CHEEKTOWAGA-NIAGARA FALLS, NY | 5 | $ 796,000 | $ 159,000 | $ 134,000 |
PUNTA GORDA, FL | 5 | $ 1,251,000 | $ 250,000 | $ 166,000 |
SAN ANTONIO-NEW BRAUNFELS, TX | 5 | $ 1,016,000 | $ 203,000 | $ 139,000 |
SAN JOSE-SUNNYVALE-SANTA CLARA, CA | 5 | $ 5,498,000 | $ 1,099,000 | $ 318,000 |
URBAN HONOLULU, HI | 5 | $ 1,777,000 | $ 355,000 | $ 212,000 |
BALTIMORE-COLUMBIA-TOWSON, MD | 4 | $ 1,291,000 | $ 322,000 | $ 454,000 |
COLUMBUS, OH | 4 | $ 1,670,000 | $ 417,000 | $ 1,591,000 |
KALAMAZOO-PORTAGE, MI | 4 | $ 1,036,000 | $ 259,000 | $ 143,000 |
OCALA, FL | 4 | $ 1,210,000 | $ 302,000 | $ 130,000 |
PALM BAY-MELBOURNE-TITUSVILLE, FL | 4 | $ 860,000 | $ 215,000 | $ 124,000 |
PORT ST. LUCIE, FL | 4 | $ 914,000 | $ 228,000 | $ 166,000 |
RICHMOND, VA | 4 | $ 1,606,000 | $ 401,000 | $ 223,000 |
SACRAMENTO--ROSEVILLE--ARDEN-ARCADE, CA | 4 | $ 1,353,000 | $ 338,000 | $ 203,000 |
SEBASTIAN-VERO BEACH, FL | 4 | $ 685,000 | $ 171,000 | $ 157,000 |
TUCSON, AZ | 4 | $ 710,000 | $ 177,000 | $ 143,000 |
WASHINGTON-ARLINGTON-ALEXANDRIA, DC-VA-MD-WV | 4 | $ 1,418,000 | $ 349,000 | $ 113,500 |
BOISE CITY, ID | 3 | $ 801,000 | $ 267,000 | $ 151,000 |
COLORADO SPRINGS, CO | 3 | $ 642,000 | $ 214,000 | $ 80,000 |
LAKE HAVASU CITY-KINGMAN, AZ | 3 | $ 462,000 | $ 154,000 | $ 163,000 |
MEMPHIS, TN-MS-AR | 3 | $ 854,000 | $ 284,000 | $ 161,000 |
MOUNT VERNON-ANACORTES, WA | 3 | $ 1,163,000 | $ 387,000 | $ 198,000 |
ROCKINGHAM COUNTY-STRAFFORD COUNTY, NH | 3 | $ 664,000 | $ 221,000 | $ 117,000 |
SILVER SPRING-FREDERICK-ROCKVILLE, MD | 3 | $ 1,012,000 | $ 337,000 | $ 166,000 |
ANN ARBOR, MI | 2 | $ 732,000 | $ 366,000 | $ 174,000 |
AUBURN-OPELIKA, AL | 2 | $ 585,000 | $ 292,000 | $ 100,000 |
BATON ROUGE, LA | 2 | $ 631,000 | $ 315,000 | $ 154,000 |
BOULDER, CO | 2 | $ 1,027,000 | $ 513,000 | $ 162,000 |
BRIDGEPORT-STAMFORD-NORWALK, CT | 2 | $ 764,000 | $ 382,000 | $ 129,000 |
CAMBRIDGE-NEWTON-FRAMINGHAM, MA | 2 | $ 881,000 | $ 440,000 | $ 143,000 |
CINCINNATI, OH-KY-IN | 2 | $ 416,000 | $ 208,000 | $ 120,500 |
CRESTVIEW-FORT WALTON BEACH-DESTIN, FL | 2 | $ 737,000 | $ 368,000 | $ 118,000 |
DAVENPORT-MOLINE-ROCK ISLAND, IA-IL | 2 | $ 216,000 | $ 108,000 | $ 218,000 |
DETROIT-DEARBORN-LIVONIA, MI | 2 | $ 617,000 | $ 308,000 | $ 113,000 |
GRAND RAPIDS-WYOMING, MI | 2 | $ 616,000 | $ 308,000 | $ 145,000 |
GREENVILLE-ANDERSON-MAULDIN, SC | 2 | $ 400,000 | $ 200,000 | $ 133,000 |
HARTFORD-WEST HARTFORD-EAST HARTFORD, CT | 2 | $ 271,000 | $ 135,000 | $ 87,000 |
KANSAS CITY, MO-KS | 2 | $ 450,000 | $ 225,000 | $ 116,000 |
LAKE COUNTY-KENOSHA COUNTY, IL-WI | 2 | $ 1,450,000 | $ 725,000 | $ 479,000 |
LOUISVILLE/JEFFERSON COUNTY, KY-IN | 2 | $ 292,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 78,500 |
MILWAUKEE-WAUKESHA-WEST ALLIS, WI | 2 | $ 1,399,000 | $ 699,000 | $ 357,000 |
OXNARD-THOUSAND OAKS-VENTURA, CA | 2 | $ 907,000 | $ 453,000 | $ 150,000 |
PHILADELPHIA, PA | 2 | $ 1,839,000 | $ 919,000 | $ 556,000 |
PITTSBURGH, PA | 2 | $ 634,000 | $ 317,000 | $ 183,000 |
PORTLAND-SOUTH PORTLAND, ME | 2 | $ 257,000 | $ 128,000 | $ 110,000 |
SALT LAKE CITY, UT | 2 | $ 440,000 | $ 220,000 | $ 219,000 |
SANTA CRUZ-WATSONVILLE, CA | 2 | $ 1,610,000 | $ 805,000 | $ 260,000 |
SANTA MARIA-SANTA BARBARA, CA | 2 | $ 998,000 | $ 499,000 | $ 147,000 |
TACOMA-LAKEWOOD, WA | 2 | $ 200,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 111,000 |
TOLEDO, OH | 2 | $ 293,000 | $ 146,000 | $ 50,000 |
ABILENE, TX | 1 | $ 132,000 | $ 132,000 | $ 51,000 |
ALTOONA, PA | 1 | $ 284,000 | $ 284,000 | $ 100,000 |
ANCHORAGE, AK | 1 | $ 272,000 | $ 272,000 | $ 292,000 |
BAKERSFIELD, CA | 1 | $ 279,000 | $ 279,000 | $ 130,000 |
BANGOR, ME | 1 | $ 81,000 | $ 81,000 | $ 158,000 |
BARNSTABLE TOWN, MA | 1 | $ 492,000 | $ 492,000 | $ 259,000 |
BIRMINGHAM-HOOVER, AL | 1 | $ 188,000 | $ 188,000 | $ 96,000 |
BREMERTON-SILVERDALE, WA | 1 | $ 474,000 | $ 474,000 | $ 160,000 |
BURLINGTON-SOUTH BURLINGTON, VT | 1 | $ 352,000 | $ 352,000 | $ 153,000 |
CAMDEN, NJ | 1 | $ 600,000 | $ 600,000 | $ 201,000 |
CHAMPAIGN-URBANA, IL | 1 | $ 62,000 | $ 62,000 | $ 142,000 |
CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC | 1 | $ 208,000 | $ 208,000 | $ 50,000 |
CHEYENNE, WY | 1 | $ 296,000 | $ 296,000 | $ 106,000 |
CLEVELAND, TN | 1 | $ 100,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 85,000 |
CLEVELAND-ELYRIA, OH | 1 | $ 396,000 | $ 396,000 | $ 256,000 |
COLUMBIA, SC | 1 | $ 100,000 | $ 100,000 | $ 177,000 |
DAPHNE-FAIRHOPE-FOLEY, AL | 1 | $ 640,000 | $ 640,000 | $ 176,000 |
DAYTON, OH | 1 | $ 207,000 | $ 207,000 | $ 96,000 |
ELMIRA, NY | 1 | $ 119,000 | $ 119,000 | $ 64,000 |
FAYETTEVILLE-SPRINGDALE-ROGERS, AR-MO | 1 | $ 144,000 | $ 144,000 | $ 48,000 |
FLAGSTAFF, AZ | 1 | $ 94,000 | $ 94,000 | $ 82,000 |
FORT SMITH, AR-OK | 1 | $ 94,000 | $ 94,000 | $ 34,000 |
GREENSBORO-HIGH POINT, NC | 1 | $ 192,000 | $ 192,000 | $ 80,000 |
HOMOSASSA SPRINGS, FL | 1 | $ 60,000 | $ 60,000 | $ 55,000 |
HUNTSVILLE, AL | 1 | $ 234,000 | $ 234,000 | $ 160,000 |
INDIANAPOLIS-CARMEL-ANDERSON, IN | 1 | $ 160,000 | $ 160,000 | $ 240,000 |
LAFAYETTE, LA | 1 | $ 265,000 | $ 265,000 | $ 110,000 |
LEXINGTON-FAYETTE, KY | 1 | $ 164,000 | $ 164,000 | $ 56,000 |
LITTLE ROCK-NORTH LITTLE ROCK-CONWAY, AR | 1 | $ 128,000 | $ 128,000 | $ 42,000 |
MACON, GA | 1 | $ 135,000 | $ 135,000 | $ 45,000 |
MONTGOMERY COUNTY-BUCKS COUNTY-CHESTER COUNTY, PA | 1 | $ 295,000 | $ 295,000 | $ 86,000 |
NASSAU COUNTY-SUFFOLK COUNTY, NY | 1 | $ 310,000 | $ 310,000 | $ 244,000 |
NEW ORLEANS-METAIRIE, LA | 1 | $ 104,000 | $ 104,000 | $ 80,000 |
NEWARK, NJ-PA | 1 | $ 512,000 | $ 512,000 | $ 280,000 |
PROVO-OREM, UT | 1 | $ 276,000 | $ 276,000 | $ 77,000 |
REDDING, CA | 1 | $ 153,000 | $ 153,000 | $ 46,000 |
ROANOKE, VA | 1 | $ 120,000 | $ 120,000 | $ 112,000 |
ROCHESTER, MN | 1 | $ 142,000 | $ 142,000 | $ 80,000 |
ROCHESTER, NY | 1 | $ 170,000 | $ 170,000 | $ 82,000 |
SALINAS, CA | 1 | $ 443,000 | $ 443,000 | $ 204,000 |
SANTA FE, NM | 1 | $ 223,000 | $ 223,000 | $ 56,000 |
SAVANNAH, GA | 1 | $ 236,000 | $ 236,000 | $ 133,000 |
SEBRING, FL | 1 | $ 59,000 | $ 59,000 | $ 43,000 |
SHERMAN-DENISON, TX | 1 | $ 392,000 | $ 392,000 | $ 216,000 |
SOUTH BEND-MISHAWAKA, IN-MI | 1 | $ 74,000 | $ 74,000 | $ 19,000 |
SPOKANE-SPOKANE VALLEY, WA | 1 | $ 282,000 | $ 282,000 | $ 297,000 |
SPRINGFIELD, MA | 1 | $ 223,000 | $ 223,000 | $ 232,000 |
ST. LOUIS, MO-IL | 1 | $ 306,000 | $ 306,000 | $ 150,000 |
STOCKTON-LODI, CA | 1 | $ 250,000 | $ 250,000 | $ 120,000 |
THE VILLAGES, FL | 1 | $ 185,000 | $ 185,000 | $ 186,000 |
TOPEKA, KS | 1 | $ 160,000 | $ 160,000 | $ 77,000 |
TULSA, OK | 1 | $ 252,000 | $ 252,000 | $ 290,000 |
VALDOSTA, GA | 1 | $ 225,000 | $ 225,000 | $ 140,000 |
VIRGINIA BEACH-NORFOLK-NEWPORT NEWS, VA-NC | 1 | $ 170,000 | $ 170,000 | $ 121,000 |
WARNER ROBINS, GA | 1 | $ 247,000 | $ 247,000 | $ 160,000 |
WICHITA, KS | 1 | $ 340,000 | $ 340,000 | $ 128,000 |
WORCESTER, MA-CT | 1 | $ 342,000 | $ 342,000 | $ 145,000 |
YORK-HANOVER, PA | 1 | $ 202,000 | $ 202,000 | $ 143,000 |
YUMA, AZ | 1 | $ 216,000 | $ 216,000 | $ 97,000 |
The mortgage data stats below are displayed in sortable categories such as loan purpose, race of mortgage applicant, loan type, the outcome of the application, and reason for denial.
Each category breaks down the total number of mortgage applications, the total dollar amount for those applications, the average mortgage amount, the highest mortgage loan applied for within that category,
the average income of the mortgage applicants, and the highest income of the mortgage applicants.
You can also download the entire list of mortgage lenders along with their aggregated lending data for the state of North Carolina,
and search the same numbers and information back through 2003.
Loan Purpose |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home Purchase | 853 | $259,587,000 | $304,000 | $2,000,000 | $236,000 | $9,999,000 |
Refinancing | 294 | $84,038,000 | $285,000 | $2,600,000 | $214,000 | $5,883,000 |
Home Improvement | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Applicant Race |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White | 708 | $222,478,000 | $314,000 | $2,600,000 | $251,000 | $9,999,000 |
Not Provided | 231 | $71,149,000 | $308,000 | $1,960,000 | $213,000 | $2,032,000 |
Asian | 112 | $35,205,000 | $314,000 | $1,245,000 | $273,000 | $7,524,000 |
Not applicable | 43 | $5,607,000 | $130,000 | $299,000 | $54,000 | $166,000 |
Black or African American | 37 | $5,393,000 | $145,000 | $500,000 | $72,000 | $302,000 |
Hispanic | 14 | $3,432,000 | $245,000 | $500,000 | $132,000 | $237,000 |
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2 | $361,000 | $180,000 | $252,000 | $106,000 | $106,000 |
American Indian or Alaskan Native | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Loan Type |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional (any loan other than FHA, VA, FSA, or RHS loans) | 1,147 | $343,625,000 | $299,000 | $2,600,000 | $231,000 | $9,999,000 |
FHA-insured (Federal Housing Administration) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
FSA/RHS (Farm Service Agency or Rural Housing Service) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
VA-guaranteed (Veterans Administration) | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Outcome |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loan Originated | 508 | $162,753,000 | $320,000 | $1,725,000 | $261,000 | $7,524,000 |
Application Denied By Financial Institution | 321 | $87,138,000 | $271,000 | $2,600,000 | $155,000 | $1,166,000 |
Application Withdrawn By Applicant | 223 | $68,222,000 | $305,000 | $2,000,000 | $241,000 | $4,500,000 |
Application Approved But Not Accepted | 47 | $18,821,000 | $400,000 | $2,000,000 | $532,000 | $9,999,000 |
Loan Purchased By The Institution | 46 | $6,377,000 | $138,000 | $299,000 | $58,000 | $200,000 |
File Closed For Incompleteness | 2 | $314,000 | $157,000 | $187,000 | $204,000 | $209,000 |
Preapproval Approved but not Accepted | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Preapproval Denied by Financial Institution | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Denial Reason |
Total Number of Mortgage Applications | Total Dollar Amount of Mortgage Loan Applications | Average Mortgage Loan Amount | Highest Mortgage Loan Amount | Average Applicant Income | Highest Applicant Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Credit Application Incomplete | 93 | $29,419,000 | $316,000 | $2,600,000 | $185,000 | $841,000 |
Debt-To-Income Ratio | 75 | $22,368,000 | $298,000 | $1,960,000 | $105,000 | $1,166,000 |
Other | 62 | $14,355,000 | $231,000 | $1,500,000 | $179,000 | $976,000 |
Credit History | 52 | $10,949,000 | $210,000 | $580,000 | $158,000 | $760,000 |
Collateral | 18 | $4,779,000 | $265,000 | $1,369,000 | $161,000 | $542,000 |
Insufficient Cash (Downpayment, Closing Cost) | 8 | $2,202,000 | $275,000 | $1,040,000 | $153,000 | $722,000 |
Unverifiable Information | 7 | $1,501,000 | $214,000 | $660,000 | $90,000 | $123,000 |
Employment History | 6 | $1,565,000 | $260,000 | $503,000 | $117,000 | $163,000 |
Mortgage Insurance Denied | 0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
These totals and details for mortgage applications will give you a better idea of what to expect when researching mortgage lenders. Whether you are looking for a home loan, for home refinancing, or for home improvement loan statistics, we have the information you need. This mortgage loan data gives you everything you need to know as you start your search for the best lenders in NC, and gives you an idea of what the best mortgage lenders really are.
If you prefer, you can download a copy of the entire list of mortgage lenders in North Carolina, and search similar information at your convenience.